All about outline writing
Assignment # 1 – Self-explanatory block-heads
Solved Example:
Ambiguous block-heads: Use of a single word or a keyword that does not express what and about what you are going to establish in a particular block-head.
Title: Islamophobia and challenges to Muslim Ummah
Outline
Thesis:
I. Introduction
II. Islamophobia
III. Causes
IV. Challenges:
V. Efforts:
VI. Solutions:
VII. Conclusion
The Solution:
Self-explanatory block-heads: Your phrases or clauses or sentences must clearly express what and about what you are going to establish in a particular block-head.
Islamophobia and challenges to Muslim Ummah
Outline
The thesis statement:
I. Introduction
II. Islamophobia – an overview OR Islamophobia – a historical analysis OR Islamophobia – the evolution
III. Causes of Islamophobia
IV. Challenges to Muslim Ummah in the perspective of Islamophobia:
V. Efforts that have been done so far by Muslim Ummah to minimize Islamophobia:
VI. Further measures to minimize Islamophobia:
VII. Conclusion
The Assignment
- Rewrite the following block-heads making them self-explanatory and in keeping with the title.
Energy crisis in Pakistan – causes and impacts.
Thesis:
I. Introduction
II. History
III. Causes
IV. Impacts
V. Consequences
VI. Efforts done
VII. Way forward
VIII. Conclusion
The solution
Energy crisis in Pakistan – causes and impacts
Outline
The thesis statement:
I. Introduction
II. Energy crisis in Pakistan – historical background and the current scenario
III. Causes of the energy crisis in Pakistan:
IV. Impacts of the energy crisis in Pakistan:
V. Energy crisis in Pakistan – the consequences
VI. Measures that have been taken so far to overcome the crisis:
VII. Further steps needed to overcome the crisis?
VIII. Conclusion
Assignment # 2 – Transformation of sentences into noun phrases
Solved Example
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
OR
I. Role of Single National Curriculum to unify the nation:
A. Single National Curriculum will end educational apartheid. (In the form of a sentence)
B. End of educational apartheid (in the form of a phrase)
The assignment
Transform the given sentences into suitable phrases.
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
OR
I. Role of Single National Curriculum to unify the nation:
A. Single National Curriculum will minimize economic inequality.
B. Single National Curriculum will inculcate democratic culture.
C. Single National Curriculum will reduce religious, ethnic and sectarian intolerance.
D. Single National Curriculum will inculcate democratic culture.
E. Single National Curriculum will strengthen the spirit of nationalism.
The solution
I. How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
OR
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
OR
I. Role of Single National Curriculum to unify the nation:
A. Minimization of economic inequality
B. Inculcation of democratic culture
C. Reduction in religious, ethnic and sectarian intolerance
D. Inculcation of democratic culture
E. A strong spirit of nationalism
Assignment # 3 – Transformation of sentences into “by phrases”
Solved Example
I. How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
OR
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
- Single National Curriculum will end educational apartheid. (In the form of a sentence)
- By ending educational apartheid (in the form of a phrase)
Transform the given sentences into “by phrases”.
I. How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
OR
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
OR
I. Role of Single National Curriculum to unify the nation:
A. Single National Curriculum will minimize economic inequality.
B. Single National Curriculum will inculcate democratic culture.
C. Single National Curriculum will reduce religious, ethnic and sectarian intolerance.
D. Single National Curriculum will inculcate democratic culture.
E. Single National Curriculum will strengthen the spirit of nationalism.
The solution
I. How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
OR
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
A. By minimizing economic inequality
B. By inculcating democratic culture
C. By reducing religious, ethnic and sectarian intolerance
D. By inculcating a democratic culture
E. By creating a strong spirit of nationalism
Assignment # 4 – Transformation of sentences into verb phrases
I. How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
OR
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
OR
I. Role of Single National Curriculum to unify the nation:
- Single National Curriculum will end educational apartheid. (In the form of a sentence)
- Ends educational apartheid
Q: Transform the given sentences in the sub-heads into verb phrases.
I. How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
OR
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
OR
I. Role of Single National Curriculum to unify the nation:
A. Single National Curriculum will minimize economic inequality.
B. Single National Curriculum will inculcate democratic culture.
C. Single National Curriculum will reduce religious, ethnic and sectarian intolerance.
D. Single National Curriculum will inculcate democratic culture.
E. Single National Curriculum will strengthen the spirit of nationalism.
The solution
I. How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
OR
I. How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation:
A. Minimizes economic inequality
B. Inculcates democratic culture
C. Reduces religious, ethnic and sectarian intolerance
D. Inculcates democratic culture
E. Creates a strong spirit of nationalism
Assignment # 5 – Emphatic patterns
Solved Example
Normal phrase: An overview of global warming
ANNOUNCEMENT OR EMPHATIC PATTERN: Global warming – an overview
Sentence: CPEC is a game-changer.
ANNOUNCEMENT OR EMPHATIC PATTERN: CPEC – a game-changer
Sentence: China is an emerging superpower.
ANNOUNCEMENT OR EMPHATIC PATTERN: China – an emerging superpower
Phrase: Challenges in the way of democracy.
ANNOUNCEMENT OR EMPHATIC PATTERN: Democracy – the challenges in its way
Phrase: benefits of social media
ANNOUNCEMENT OR EMPHATIC PATTERN: Social media – the benefits
Q: Transform the following into announcements or emphatic patterns:
- Disadvantages of globalization
- Online learning is a great opportunity.
- Social media is dopamine.
- Global warming is a real threat to humanity.
- Technology is a double-edged sword.
The solution
- Globalization – the disadvantages
- Online learning – a great opportunity
- Social media – a dopamine
- Global warming – the real threat
- Technology – the double-edged sword
Assignment # 6 – Transforming an interrogative sentence into a noun clause
Solved Example
Structure of interrogative sentence beginning with interrogative word: Interrogative word + auxiliary + Noun/pronoun + verb + object.
Interrogative sentence: How can Single National Curriculum unify this diverse nation?
Structure of noun clause: Interrogative word + noun/pronoun + auxiliary + verb + object.
Noun clause: How Single National Curriculum can unify this diverse nation
Sometimes noun clauses are effective block-heads.
Q. Transform the following interrogative sentence into noun clauses:
- Why is abundant and low-cost energy necessary for Pakistan?
- How will electric cars be a game-changer?
- How can global warming be minimized?
- Why is it important to save water?
- What are the steps needed to overcome poverty in Pakistan?
- How does illiteracy give rise to poverty?
- Why is our education system is perpetuating social inequality?
The solution
- Why abundant and low-cost energy is necessary for Pakistan
- How electric cars will be a game-changer
- How global warming can be minimized
- Why it is important to save water
- What steps are needed to overcome poverty in Pakistan (better to say: Needed steps to overcome poverty in Pakistan)
- How illiteracy gives rise to poverty
- Why our education system is perpetuating social inequality
Assignment # 7 – Self-explanatory sub-heads
Ambiguous sub-heads: Use of a single word or a keyword that does not express what and about what you are going to establish in a particular sub-head.
Example:
Energy crisis in Pakistan – causes and impacts
The thesis statement:
I. Introduction
Abundant and low-cost energy resources are the backbone of the economic progress of any country and for a better quality of life for its people; and, in Pakistan, the energy crisis is a major impediment to its progress.
II. Energy crisis in Pakistan – historical background and the current scenario
III. Causes of the energy crisis in Pakistan:
A. Demand
B. Lack of will
C. Political consensus
D. Mismanagement
E. Infrastructure
F. Shoddy deals
IV. Impacts of the energy crisis in Pakistan:
A. Industries
B. Agricultural yield
C. Investor’s interest
D. Quality of life
V. Energy crisis in Pakistan – the consequences
VI. Measures that have been taken so far to overcome the crisis
VII. Further steps needed to overcome the crisis
A. Political consensus
B. Upgradation of the infrastructure
C. Renewable energy resource
D. Accountability
E. Role of media
VIII. Conclusion
Solved Example:
Self-explanatory sub-heads: Your phrases or clauses or sentences must clearly express what and about what you are going to establish in a particular sub-head.
Energy crisis in Pakistan – causes and impacts
Outline
The thesis statement:
I. Introduction
Abundant and low-cost energy resources are the backbone of the economic progress of any country and for a better quality of life for its people; and, in Pakistan, the energy crisis is a major impediment to its progress.
II. Energy crisis in Pakistan – historical background and the current scenario
III. Causes of the energy crisis in Pakistan:
A. The ever increasing demand for energy
B. Government’s lack of will to harness natural resources
C. Lack of political consensus over the construction of new dams
D. Mismanagement of the resources
E. Deteriorated infrastructure
F. Execution of shoddy deals with Independent Power Producers
IV. Impacts of the energy crisis in Pakistan:
A. Closure of industries that is causing unemployment
B. The lesser agricultural yield that is creating food insecurity
C. Investor’s lack of interest that is giving way to the economic downfall
D. People’s poorer quality of life
V. Energy crisis in Pakistan – the consequences
VI. Measures that have been taken so far to overcome the crisis:
VII. Further steps needed to overcome the crisis:
A. Creation of political consensus to overcome the crisis
B. Upgradation of the energy supply infrastructure
C. Seizure of the renewable energy resource
D. Strict accountability of culprits
E. Role of media to create awareness for energy preservation
VIII. Conclusion
Assignment # 8 – Organization
Arrange subheads according to the importance of each topic, and also write down the same type of subheads together e.g. social or political or economic, etc.
I. Problems faced by women in Pakistan:
A. Educational gender gap
B. Enforced decisions
C. Lack of political freedom
D. Gender-based violence
E. Economic exploitation
The Solution
I. Problems faced by women in Pakistan:
A. Enforced decisions
B. Gender-based violence
C. Educational gender gap
D. Economic exploitation
E. Lack of political freedom
The Assignment:
Q: Keeping the title in mind, organize the given subheads. (Hint: first thing first)
The Emerging Power of Social Media: Prospects and Challenges
I. Social media – the prospects:
A. A better law and order situation
B. A rise to an inclusive and democratic society
C. Free flow of information
D. Creation of the digital economy
E. Establishment of global civil society
The solution
The Emerging Power of Social Media: Prospects and Challenges
I. Social media – the prospects:
A. Free flow of information
B. A rise to an inclusive and democratic society
C. Establishment of global civil society
D. A better law and order situation
E. Creation of the digital economy
Assignment # 9 – Organization
Q: Organize the sub-heads:
I. Impacts of global warming:
A. Increased spread of diseases
B Worldwide glacier retreat
C An unprecedented rise in sea level
D. Frequent and intense weather disasters
E. A threat to the world peace
F. Rise in global surface temperature
G. Large scale human and animal migration
H. Political unrest in some countries
I. Destruction of the economy in some countries
J. Arctic ice decline
The solution
I. Impacts of global warming:
A. Rise in global surface temperature
B. Worldwide glacier retreat
C. Arctic ice decline
D. An unprecedented rise in sea level
E. Frequent and intense weather disasters
F. Increased spread of diseases
G. Large scale human and animal migration
H. Political unrest in some countries
I. Destruction of the economy in some countries
J. A threat to the world peace
1 Comment
Wonderful sir. Can you please confirm the hierarchical ascendant order from Social, political, Economic religious, cultural domains? Or this format is good one in ascending style.